
UROLOGY CANCERS
Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is a relatively rare but highly treatable type of cancer that develops in the testicles, the male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and hormones. Here's important information about testicular cancer:
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Testicular Cancer
RISK FACTORS:
While the exact cause of testicular cancer is often unknown, there are some risk factors associated with it, including:
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Cryptorchidism: An undescended testicle (testicle that hasn't descended into the scrotum).
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Family history of testicular cancer.
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Previous history of testicular cancer.
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Age: It most commonly affects young men between the ages of 15 and 40.
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SYMPTOMS:
Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer may include:
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A painless lump or swelling in the testicle.
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A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum.
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Pain or discomfort in the testicle or scrotum.
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A change in the size or shape of the testicle.
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A dull ache or pain in the lower abdomen or groin.
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DIAGNOSIS:
A doctor will conduct a physical examination, and additional tests may include an ultrasound to visualize the testicle and blood tests to check for tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). A biopsy is typically avoided as it can potentially spread cancer.
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STAGING:
Staging helps determine the extent and severity of the cancer. Testicular cancer is usually staged from I to III, with Stage I being confined to the testicle and Stage III indicating spread to distant organs or lymph nodes.
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TREATMENT OPTIONS:
Treatment for testicular cancer depends on the stage, type of cancer, and other factors. Common treatment options include:
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Surgery: Surgical removal of the affected testicle (radical inguinal orchiectomy) is often the first step for both diagnosis and treatment.
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Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams used to target and kill cancer cells, less commonly used.
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Chemotherapy: Medications to kill cancer cells; this is a standard treatment for more advanced cases.
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Surveillance: In some early-stage, low-risk cases, active surveillance may be recommended, involving regular check-ups and monitoring without immediate treatment.
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PROGNOSIS:
Testicular cancer has one of the highest cure rates among all cancers, especially when diagnosed early. Even advanced cases have a good prognosis with appropriate treatment.
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FOLLOW-UP CARE:
After treatment, regular follow-up visits are essential to monitor for cancer recurrence and address any potential side effects or long-term issues related to fertility and hormone levels.
It's crucial for men to perform regular testicular self-exams and seek medical attention if they notice any unusual changes or symptoms in their testicles. Early detection and prompt treatment are key to successful outcomes in testicular cancer cases.