More Information

Penile Cancer

RISK FACTORS:
Several factors may increase the risk of developing penile cancer, including:
   •    Lack of circumcision (uncircumcised men have a slightly higher risk).
   •    HPV (human papillomavirus) infection.
   •    Smoking.
   •    Chronic inflammation or irritation of the penis, such as from poor hygiene or sexually transmitted infections.
   •    Age (penile cancer is more common in older men).

​

SYMPTOMS: 

Signs and symptoms of penile cancer can include:
   •    Changes in the color or thickness of the skin on the penis.
   •    Lumps or growths on the penis.
   •    Ulcerations, sores, or lesions on the penis that don’t heal.
   •    Bleeding or discharge from the penis.
   •    Pain or discomfort in the penis.

​

DIAGNOSIS:

A doctor will typically perform a physical examination and may order additional tests such as a biopsy (removal of a small tissue sample for examination), imaging studies, and blood tests to confirm the presence and extent of penile cancer.

​

STAGING:

Staging helps determine the extent and severity of the cancer. Penile cancer is staged from 0 to IV, with Stage 0 being non-invasive (only affecting the top layer of skin) and Stage IV indicating advanced cancer that may have spread to lymph nodes or distant organs.

​

TREATMENT OPTIONS: 

Treatment for penile cancer depends on the stage and location of the tumor. Options may include:

• Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor or, in more advanced cases, partial or total removal of the penis (penectomy).

• Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams to target and kill cancer cells.

• Chemotherapy: Medications to kill cancer cells, often used in advanced stages..

• Immunotherapy: Stimulating the immune system to fight the cancer.

​

PROGNOSIS: 

The prognosis for penile cancer varies depending on the stage at diagnosis and the type of treatment. Early-stage penile cancer often has a more favorable prognosis, with a high chance of cure.

​

PREVENTION:

Reducing the risk of penile cancer can include practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of HPV infection, maintaining good genital hygiene, and avoiding smoking.

​

It’s essential for individuals to promptly seek medical attention if they notice any unusual symptoms or changes in the genital area. Early detection and treatment of penile cancer can significantly improve outcomes and quality of life. Additionally, regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help monitor and address any concerns related to penile health.